tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post5669187235570836508..comments2023-11-07T12:27:42.792-08:00Comments on Historical Iranian sites and people: Nashtifan WindmillsRaminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08283428526665235779noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-30534878920111250242016-10-09T15:40:36.496-07:002016-10-09T15:40:36.496-07:00sorry, I was wrong indication, I'm in the mill...sorry, I was wrong indication, I'm in the mills page Iranians .... but a discussion on the phone on this matter made me commit the incorrect indication.<br />I wish to mention the Iranian mills.<br />I also am looking for news on Arab techniques that can be introduced in European countries and that are located on the Mediterranean Sea.<br />Thanks for any opinions regardingAnonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04083515609059064125noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-19980751508181689602016-10-09T15:32:29.776-07:002016-10-09T15:32:29.776-07:00These windmills are not in Syria but in Iran. Perh...These windmills are not in Syria but in Iran. Perhaps those in Syria have a similar design but unfortunately I am not familiar with them and cannot give you any information about them.Raminhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08283428526665235779noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-91992908724425636262016-10-09T14:47:57.257-07:002016-10-09T14:47:57.257-07:00Hello, I read with great interest what you have re...Hello, I read with great interest what you have reported on windmills in Syria. They believe not widespread in Europe. I have found a mill with Syrian technique in southern Italy (medium evo). But it was not used to grind but through a PTO and continuous movement of the toothed wheel mechanism fed a saw for lumber. And 'likely this reconstruction? Unfortunately I can not find documents of the period. Can I have your opinion on this subject? Many thanks. Yours sincerelyAnonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04083515609059064125noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-8247696072700073112014-08-17T14:56:34.125-07:002014-08-17T14:56:34.125-07:00Hello dear WiardBeek, You may find the following a...Hello dear WiardBeek, You may find the following articles interesting.<br />best Wishes.<br /><br />http://www.solaripedia.com/13/80/persian_windmills_and_wind_towers_from_ancient_times.html<br /><br />and<br /><br />http://www.tehrantimes.com/highlights/104993-persian-windmills-predate-their-european-equivalents-by-over-500-yearsAnonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08584778189183770909noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-20397385855623645802014-08-17T14:53:18.564-07:002014-08-17T14:53:18.564-07:00"The earliest known windmill design dates bac..."The earliest known windmill design dates back 3000 years to ancient Persia where they were used to grind grain and pump water. Reeds were bundled together to create vertical paddles that spun around a central axis. Carefully placed exterior walls ensured that wind would primarily drive the potentially bidirectional system in the desired direction. Of course, the use of wind power in sailing predates the inventions of windmills but these are the first known use of wind to automate mechanical/manual everyday tasks. Persia is also the original home of one of the most complex passive ventilation and cooling systems that has ever existed – 2,000-year-old engineering that rival modern hi-tech equivalents with the simple and elegant effectiveness of their design. Using a combination of air pressure differentials, structural orientation and running water these windcatcher structures help regulate temperatures in the harshest of desert environments with cool nights and burning hot days."<br />Ref: http://www.solaripedia.com/13/80/persian_windmills_and_wind_towers_from_ancient_times.htmlAnonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08584778189183770909noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-27150295799087627452014-08-17T14:52:12.854-07:002014-08-17T14:52:12.854-07:00" Persian windmills predate their European eq..." Persian windmills predate their European equivalents by over 500 years<br />Since early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind. Wind energy propelled boats along the Nile River as early as 5000 BC.<br />The earliest known windmill design dates far back in time when Iranians grinded grain and pump water. Windmills are mud-brick structures erected in eastern Iran and western Afghanistan to harness wind power to move the runner stone of a mill to grind flour. These mills rely on a consistent wind known as the "120-day wind" which blows southward from the Qizil-Qum steppes in Turkmenistan toward the Baluchistan desert during the summer months. <br />The strip along which this wind blows includes the eastern parts of Khorasan and Sistan provinces in Iran and the western border of Afghanistan. <br />The greatest number of well-known windmills are located in villages around Khaf in Khorasan, including Nashtifun and Neh (located midway between Birjand and Zahedan), where they can be found in rows along the outskirts of villages, where the terrain is higher in elevation. Building windmills in rows appears to be a practical way to save material and space while providing safety and protection for the millers. Free-standing and semi-detached windmills are more common on the Afghan side of the border. <br /> <br />Some scholars have proposed that eastern Iran is the origin of the first windmills, which then spread as far as China in the east and Europe in the west. Historical sources suggest that these windmills predate their European equivalents by at least five hundred years. The first written reference to Persian windmills was found in 644 CE in the work of the famous medieval historian Masudi. An explanation of the architectural and functional characteristics of windmills is found in a fourteenth-century document written by the Syrian geographer al-Dimashghi, whose description also includes a schematic illustration. The construction date of the area's existing windmills is unclear, as they have been rebuilt and renovated over time. Some of them are considered to be Safavid or Qajar constructions, although no solid evidence exists. ...<br />Up until the 1970s, a number of windmills were still in use in Iran and Afghanistan. With the advent of mechanical engines, abandoned windmills have fallen into disrepair and ruin. In recent years, some windmills have been renovated and restored by the National Heritage Organization of Iran. The best-preserved examples are in the Khorasani villages of Neh and Nashtifun, where thirty-three out of forty original windmills are still standing." (Source: archnet.org)<br />Ref: http://www.tehrantimes.com/highlights/104993-persian-windmills-predate-their-european-equivalents-by-over-500-years<br /> Anonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08584778189183770909noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139029899357162669.post-73278944665127508502012-04-13T14:13:07.615-07:002012-04-13T14:13:07.615-07:00Very nice site, I am writing a book about mills in...Very nice site, I am writing a book about mills in The Hague - Netherlands and will refer to your website. I doubt that the European windmill design came from these Persian windmills. I think that it is possible that the Europeans invented their windmills without knowing the Persian windmill. <br />In theory the Persian windmill design could have brought to Europe by Arabic geographers (like Mas 'udi and Farsi al Istakri) who travelled from Persia to the Mediterranean area in the 10th century. The first Crusade started in 1096 and by early pilgrimage to the Holy Land starting in 950 this idea could have been brought by these early pelgrims to Western Europe where the first postmills were build. But the big question is why this Persian windmill was never spread out to other countries like Syria and Iraq. We found that the first postmill was located in Wormhout in 1067. Wiard BeekWiardBeekhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08678561674660318891noreply@blogger.com